ELEMENTARY ELECTRICITY  Part 2 (of 2)
-© 1999  -  2011  Questions or Comments about  this site  webmaster
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.Tricks with Batteries

Ever wondered why when you put one of the batteries in a flashlight Backwards it doesn't work?
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To Part 1 of 2 -->
TOC
LINKS:
---INTRODUCTION ----What is  A. C. ---Resistor Page
---In the Beginning ----Transformers ---Inductor Page
---E R I  VOLTs ----Capacitors ---Capacitor Page
---E R I  OHMs ----Energy, Work ---
---E R I  AMPs
---Drop Cord Story
pop ups
---Water Model  pop up ---555 Timer  pop up
----Tricks with Batteries ---Fun with Resistors  pop up ---Reading Schematics pop up
----EMF Generation ---Resistor Color Code  pop up ---Wave Action  pop up
----ElectroMagnetics ---More on A.C.  pop-up ---Parts etc. pop up

Algebraic Summation of Voltages

Batteries Backwards
are Subtractive		 Batteries in Series
are Additive
(+)1.5 volt  + (-)1.5 volts  =  0 volts
Note: This arrangement serves NO useful purpose, it is for illustration only.
(+)1.5 volt  +  (+)1.5 volts  =  3.0 volts
Note: This could be a "Dual" Power Supply, plus and minus 1.5 volts (+/- 1.5v); notice the Com terminal, this is usually Grounded and serves as the 'Reference' point to the 2 voltages.
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.Generation of Electricity

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Part 1 of 2 -->
TOC
LINKS:
---INTRODUCTION ----What is  A. C. ---Resistor Page
---In the Beginning ----Transformers ---Inductor Page
---E R I  VOLTs ----Capacitors ---Capacitor Page
---E R I  OHMs ----Energy, Work ---
---E R I  AMPs
---Drop Cord Story
pop ups
---Water Model  pop up ---555 Timer  pop up
----Tricks with Batteries ---Fun with Resistors  pop up ---Reading Schematics pop up
----EMF Generation ---Resistor Color Code  pop up ---Wave Action  pop up
----ElectroMagnetics ---More on A.C.  pop-up ---Parts etc. pop up
Generation of Electricity = [Coil of Wire] +  [Magnetism] +  [Relative Motion]----
  (North Magnet)   (South Magnet)----------------
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Reciprocity
[Magnetism] +  [Coil of Wire] +  [Relative Motion]

=  Electricity

 

 

 
[Electricity] + [Coil of Wire]

=  Magnetism---
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Hip Boots, for when it gets Deep!The lowly Coil of wire—the Inductor—has the reciprocal property of both Creating a Magnetic Field, as well as, Sensing a (Moving/varying) Magnetic Field.
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more Reciprocity
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Magnetics

Single Wire: Magnetic Field Created by Current Flow
"Electro-Magnet"
"Air Core"................................................................"Iron Core".......
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.Alternating Current

Part 1 of 2 -->
TOC
LINKS:
---INTRODUCTION ----What is  A. C. ---Resistor Page
---In the Beginning ----Transformers ---Inductor Page
---E R I  VOLTs ----Capacitors ---Capacitor Page
---E R I  OHMs ----Energy, Work ---
---E R I  AMPs
---Drop Cord Story
pop ups
---Water Model  pop up ---555 Timer  pop up
----Tricks with Batteries ---Fun with Resistors  pop up ---Reading Schematics pop up
----EMF Generation ---Resistor Color Code  pop up ---Wave Action  pop up
----ElectroMagnetics ---More on A.C.  pop-up ---Parts etc. pop up

First a Word from our Sponser:

Viewing Electricity with an Oscilloscope

....
Displaying D.C. (1.5 volts)
Displaying an A.C. Sine Wave
+/- 1.5 volts (3 volts peak to peak)
How do Oscilloscopes Work?
...

 More Magnetics
Single Wire: Magnetic Field Created by Current Flow
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Hip Boots, for when it gets Deep!We learned above at "Reciprocity" that a Coil of wire (Inductor) has the reciprocal property of both Creating a Magnetic Field, as well as, Sensing a moving or varying magnetic field.

This property can be put to use in Transformers. One coil putting out a varying magnet field; while a second Coil, nearby, is sensing or picking up this changing magnetic field. This is call Mutual Inductance, or Mutual Coupling.

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Mutual Coupling, Mutual Inductance
   

Transformer Action
Step Down Transformer
Step Up Transformer
 
Transformer Does Not Pass D.C.
 Transformers in the Flesh
   
 ---pop-up
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Part 1 of 2 -->
TOC
LINKS:
---INTRODUCTION ----What is  A. C. ---Resistor Page
---In the Beginning ----Transformers ---Inductor Page
---E R I  VOLTs ----Capacitors ---Capacitor Page
---E R I  OHMs ----Energy, Work ---
---E R I  AMPs
---Drop Cord Story
pop ups
---Water Model  pop up ---555 Timer  pop up
----Tricks with Batteries ---Fun with Resistors  pop up ---Reading Schematics pop up
----EMF Generation ---Resistor Color Code  pop up ---Wave Action  pop up
----ElectroMagnetics ---More on A.C.  pop-up ---Parts etc. pop up

Capacitors: 

some Properties & Uses

Capacitor
Capacitor Assortment
1), 2) Electrolytic, 3) Tantalum, 4), 5) Ceramic
 Charging
&
Discharging		 555 Timer uses a Capacitor (along with a resistor) for Timing.
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Hip Boots, for when it gets Deep!A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic charge. In its simplest form, a capacitor consists of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material called the dielectric.
   Capacitance is directly proportional to the surface areas of the plates, and is inversely proportional to the plates' separation.

Capacitance is also affected by the dielectric constant of the dielectric material separating the plates.

The standard units of Capacitance,
Farad: F 
microfarad: µF (1 µF = 10 - 6 F) 
nanofarad: nF (1 nF = 10 - 9 F) 
picofarad: pF (1 pF = 10 - 12 F)

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Capacitors Pass A.C.
Capacitors Block D.C.
 
 
 

 
 
  
 
 A.C. & D.C. Coupling 
Notice  Differentiation in the A.C. channel
 Capacitor as a Coupling Element
Capacitor as a Filtering Element: High Pass Filter
RC & D.C. Coupling 
Notice  Integration in the RC channel
Capacitor as a Filtering Element: Low Pass Filter
 

Resonate Circuit

Demonstrates the relationship between Capacitor and Inductor
Inductor:-------------
Expanding and Collapsing Magnetic Fields
Capacitor:------------------
Charging and Discharging Electrostatic Fields
   
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Listen to the Effects of RC as Different Filters ra-player
Frequency selective impedance
...
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Energy = Work + Losses

Gravity + Air Drag + Friction + Heat = Loss
battery-motor-generator-motor = Work
..--
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Part 1 of 2 -->
TOC
LINKS:
---INTRODUCTION ----What is  A. C. ---Resistor Page
---In the Beginning ----Transformers ---Inductor Page
---E R I  VOLTs ----Capacitors ---Capacitor Page
---E R I  OHMs ----Energy, Work ---
---E R I  AMPs
---Drop Cord Story
pop ups
---Water Model  pop up ---555 Timer  pop up
----Tricks with Batteries ---Fun with Resistors  pop up ---Reading Schematics pop up
----EMF Generation ---Resistor Color Code  pop up ---Wave Action  pop up
----ElectroMagnetics ---More on A.C.  pop-up ---Parts etc. pop up
-----------------------------To Part 1 -->

-© 1999  -  2011  Questions or Comments about  this site  webmaster


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